įor much of the early 20th century, European researchers depicted Neanderthals as primitive, unintelligent, and brutish. Theories for their extinction include demographic factors such as small population size and inbreeding, competitive replacement, interbreeding and assimilation with modern humans, change of climate, disease, or a combination of these factors. The reasons for Neanderthal extinction are disputed. Neanderthals are known from numerous fossils, especially from after 130,000 years ago. The oldest potential Neanderthal bones date to 430,000 years ago, but the classification remains uncertain. The date of divergence of Neanderthals from their ancestor H. The line of Neanderthals split from that of modern humans but when that occurred is not clear studies have produced various times ranging from 315,000 to more than 800,000 years ago. The type specimen, Neanderthal 1, was found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in present-day Germany. sapiens neanderthalensis), also written as Neandertals, are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals ( / n i ˈ æ n d ər ˌ t ɑː l, n eɪ-, - ˌ θ ɑː l/ nee- AN-də(r)- TAHL, nay-, - THAHL Homo neanderthalensis or H.
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